Federation Services: These are services that facilitate the interplay of participants for all kinds of data sharing. For example: - issuing verifiable credentials to participants of a data space, indicating that they’re a participant in the data space, confirming an identity or complying with a specific policy - providing a shared catalogue of available participants and data products in the data space - providing policy information that participants can use to assess whether someone can be granted access (e.g. personal consent) - providing services for provenance and observability Some of these services must comply with specific EU legislation, such as eIDAS or the EU Data Governance Act. This provides additional assurance to the users of such services, e.g., prohibiting the reuse of data by these services for purposes other than facilitating the data sharing between participants.